Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Octubre- Diciembre 2026: Revista Multidisciplinaria Investigación Contemporánea
Ciencias Sociales- Artículo de Revisión

Assessing the Credibility of Child Testimony in Forensic Contexts: A Systematic Review of the Instruments Used

DOI: 10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n4.a228
Fernández Yascaribay Katherine
Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Diego Esteban Fernández Olivo
Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Antonio Xavier Campoverde
Universidad Católica de Cuenca

Abstract

This systematic review synthesized the structured instruments used to assess the credibility of children’s testimony in forensic contexts involving alleged sexual abuse. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies published between 2016 and 2026 were identified in Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SciELO. Eleven empirical studies were included, and a narrative synthesis was conducted due to methodological heterogeneity. The findings show that credibility assessment does not rely on a single method, although Criteria-Based Content Analysis and Statement Validity Assessment were the most frequently reported procedures. Other tools were also identified, such as the Narrative Coherence Coding Scheme, Reality Monitoring, and judicial criteria applied in specific contexts. Overall, CBCA and SVA show the most consistent support, although their use is often partial and must be integrated with a careful analysis of the forensic context.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Anderson, J., Ellefson, J., Lashley, J., Miller, A. L., Olinger, S., Russell, A., Stauffer, J., y Weigman, J. (2010). The CornerHouse forensic interview protocol: RATAC®. Thomas M. Cooley Journal of Practical y Clinical Law, 12, 193–331. https://www.docsity.com/es/docs/protocolo-satac-para-entrevistas-forenses-de-cornerhous/8034378/
  2. Arce, R. (2017). Análisis de contenido de las declaraciones de testigos: Evaluación de la validez científica y judicial de la hipótesis y la prueba forense. Acción Psicológica, 14(2), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.21347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.21347
  3. Bilginer, Ç., Güllü, B. Ü., Orhan, G., Kalaycı, B. M., Erden, G., y Koçtürk, N. (2021). Interrater reliability of criteria based content analyses of sexually abused children’s statement in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 28(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2020.97269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2020.97269
  4. Cabañas, E. (2003). Traducción del protocolo de entrevista forense Michigan [Documento en línea]. Criminalística.mx. https://criminalistica.mx/descargas/documentos/pdf/PROTOCOLO%20DE%20ENTREVISTA%20FORENSE.pdf
  5. Cabezas-García, M., de la Peña Fernández, M. E., y Andreu-Rodríguez, J. M. (2022). Factores psicosociales asociados a la credibilidad del testimonio en abuso sexual infantil. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 38(2), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.418161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.418161
  6. Danby, M. C., Sharman, S. J., y Guadagno, B. (2022). Testing an evaluation tool to facilitate police officers’ peer review of child interviews. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 37(3), 711–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09516-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09516-8
  7. Ernberg, E., Tidefors, I., y Landström, S. (2016). Prosecutors’ reflections on sexually abused preschoolers and their ability to stand trial. Child Abuse y Neglect, 57, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.001
  8. Fernandes, D., Gomes, J. P., Albuquerque, P. B., y Matos, M. (2024). Forensic interview techniques in child sexual abuse cases: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, y Abuse, 25(2), 1382–1396. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231177317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231177317
  9. Fisher, R. P., y Geiselman, R. E. (1992). Memory-enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing: The cognitive interview. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
  10. Gancedo, Y., Fariña, F., Seijo, D., Vilariño, M., y Arce, R. (2021). Reality monitoring: A meta-analytical review for forensic practice. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 13(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2021a10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2021a10
  11. García-Rico, M. A., Ricarte, J. J., Jimeno, M. V., y Latorre, J. M. (2024). Role of psychopathology on children credibility of sexual abuse testimony. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 94, Article 101972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101972
  12. Guzmán-Díaz, C. A. (2024). La prueba CBCA (Criterial-Based Content Analysis o Análisis de Contenido Basado en Criterios) y SVA (Statement Validity Assessment o Evaluación de la Validez de la Declaración) en el proceso penal colombiano [Trabajo de fin de máster, Universidad de Barcelona]. Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona. https://hdl.handle.net/2445/219320
  13. Hong, Q. N., Pluye, P., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., y Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018: User guide. McGill University. http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/127916259/MMAT_2018_criteria-manual_2018-08-01_ENG.pdf
  14. Magnusson, M., Joleby, M., Ernberg, E., Akehurst, L., Korkman, J., y Landström, S. (2021). Preschoolers’ true and false reports: Comparing effects of the Sequential Interview and NICHD protocol. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 26(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12185
  15. Melinder, A., Magnusson, M., y Gilstrap, L. L. (2021). What is a child-appropriate interview? Interaction between child witnesses and police officers. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 3, 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-020-00052-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-020-00052-8
  16. Melkman, E. P., Hershkowitz, I., y Zur, R. (2017). Credibility assessment in child sexual abuse investigations: A descriptive analysis. Child Abuse y Neglect, 67, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.027
  17. Méndez Rodas, A. F. (2025). Credibilidad de testimonio en víctimas de abuso sexual infantil para psicólogos peritos en Cuenca-Azuay en el año 2024 [Trabajo de titulación de maestría, Universidad de Cuenca]. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cuenca. https://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/46907
  18. Miragoli, S., y Camisasca, E. (2022). An examination of the synergy of age and PTSD on narrative coherence in child sexual abuse testimony. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 31(6), 743–757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2022.2131669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2022.2131669
  19. Muñoz, J. M., González-Guerrero, L., Sotoca, A., Terol, O., González, J. L., y Manzanero, A. L. (2016). La entrevista forense: Obtención del indicio cognitivo en menores presuntas víctimas de abuso sexual infantil. Papeles del Psicólogo, 37(3), 205–216. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5689649
  20. Niveau, G. (2021). Sensory information in children’s statements of sexual abuse. Forensic Sciences Research, 6(2), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2020.1814000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2020.1814000
  21. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, Article n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
  22. Palomares-Rodríguez, J. M., Bustos-Berruezo, A., Calatrava-Urán, J. L., y Quevedo-Blasco, R. (2024). Contrainforme psicológico pericial de un caso de abuso sexual infantil. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 15(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2024.01.073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2024.01.073
  23. Ramírez Romero, M. C. (2023). Evaluación psicológica forense en víctimas de abuso sexual infantil en Latinoamérica [Tesis de grado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca]. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. https://dspace.ucacue.edu.ec/handle/ucacue/14215
  24. Roberts, K. P., y Lamb, M. E. (2010). Reality-monitoring characteristics in confirmed and doubtful allegations of child sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(8), 1049–1079. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1600
  25. Sporer, S. L., y Masip, J. (2025). A systematic review of the validity of Criteria-based Content Analysis in child sexual abuse cases and other field studies. Psychology, Crime y Law, 31(9), 1142–1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2335971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2335971
  26. Sporer, S. L., Hauch, V., Masip, J., y Martschuk, N. (2025). A meta-analysis of field studies on Criteria-Based Content Analysis. European Psychologist, 30(4), 256–269. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000561 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000561
  27. Szojka, Z. A., Nicol, A., y La Rooy, D. (2020). Narrative coherence in multiple forensic interviews with child witnesses alleging physical and sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 34(5), 943–960. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3673 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3673
  28. UNICEF. (2024, 10 de octubre). Violencia sexual: 370 millones de niñas y mujeres. https://www.unicef.es/noticia/violencia-sexual-370-millones-de-ninas-y-mujeres
  29. VanMeter, F., Henderson, H. M., Konovalov, H., Karni-Visel, Y., y Blasbalg, U. (2023). Children’s narrative coherence in “Achieving Best Evidence” forensic interviews and courtroom testimony. Psychology, Crime y Law, 29(2), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2021.2018438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2021.2018438
  30. Welle, I., Berclaz, M., Lacasa, M.-J., y Niveau, G. (2016). A call to improve the validity of criterion-based content analysis (CBCA): Results from a field-based study including 60 children’s statements of sexual abuse. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 43, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2016.08.001
  31. Wouters, E., Constanty, L., Urben, S., Amoussou, J. R., y Gasser, J. (2024). Use of statement validity analysis in minors alleging sexual assault: A systematic review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 69(6), 1948–1958. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.15604
  32. Wouters, E., Constanty, L., Urben, S., y Gasser, J. (2025). Expert reports for credibility assessments in case of sexual abuse allegations in the Swiss judicial context: A retrospective study of the socio-demographic, clinical and forensic characteristics of the cases and the appropriate use of the Statement Validity Analysis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 114, Article 102900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.102900
  33. Yancce, R. (2020). Credibilidad testimonial del testigo en el proceso penal. Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal, 6(1), 453–480. https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v6i1.246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22197/rbdpp.v6i1.246

Published 2026-10-01

Keywords

  • child asexual,
  • forensic psychology,
  • expert testimony,
  • psychological interview,
  • psychometrics

How to Cite

Yascaribay Katherine, F., Fernández Olivo, D. E., & Campoverde, A. X. (2026). Assessing the Credibility of Child Testimony in Forensic Contexts: A Systematic Review of the Instruments Used. Contemporary Research, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n4.a228