Vol. 4 Núm. 3 (2026): Julio- Septiembre 2026: Revista Multidisciplinaria Investigación Contemporánea
Ciencias Sociales- Artículo de Revisión

Neuropsicología Clínica de las Adicciones: Revisión Bibliográfica

DOI: 10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n3.a182
Jessica Vanessa Quito Calle
Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, sede Cuenca, Ecuador
Pedro Muñoz Arteaga
Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, sede Cuenca, Ecuador
Diego Rodas Flores
Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, sede Cuenca, Ecuador
Andrés Ramírez
Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, sede Cuenca, Ecuador

Resumen

Las adicciones representan una de las principales causas de discapacidad y muerte prematura en el mundo, y constituyen un desafío complejo para la neuropsicología clínica. Esta revisión narrativa analiza críticamente 25 publicaciones recientes (2015–2025) que incluyen estudios clínicos, de neuroimagen, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y casos, con el objetivo de sintetizar la evidencia sobre perfiles cognitivos, predictores funcionales, redes cerebrales implicadas, estrategias de evaluación y abordajes terapéuticos en adicciones. Los resultados muestran que los pacientes con trastornos por consumo de sustancias y adicciones comportamentales presentan déficits frecuentes en la atención compleja, la memoria, la inhibición, las funciones ejecutivas y la toma de decisiones, con factores moduladores como la edad, la historia de trauma, la comorbilidad psiquiátrica, la carga sedante y el distrés emocional. Se identifican disfunciones en la ínsula, la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral, la orbitofrontal, el hipocampo y el estriado, y emergen intervenciones como el ejercicio físico, la estimulación cerebral no invasiva y las tecnologías móviles personalizadas.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga todavía no están disponibles.

Referencias

  1. Gooden JR, Cox CA, Petersen V, Curtis A, Manning V, Lubman DI. Characterisation of presentations to a community-based specialist addiction neuropsychology service: Cognitive profiles, diagnoses and comorbidities. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2021;40(1):83-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13135
  2. Gooden JR, Cox CA, Petersen V, Curtis A, Sanfilippo PG, Manning V, Bolt GL, Lubman DI. Predictors of cognitive functioning in presentations to a community-based specialist addiction neuropsychology service. Brain Impair. 2023;24(1):54-68. https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2021.38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/BrImp.2021.38
  3. Liu H, Soh KG, Samsudin S, Rattanakoses W, Qi F. Effects of exercise and psychological interventions on smartphone addiction among university students: A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022;13:1021285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021285
  4. Curtis A, Gooden JR, Cox CA, Harries T, Peterson V, Enticott PG, Sanfilippo PG, Miller PG, Lubman DI, Manning V. Neurocognitive functioning among people accessing an addiction neuropsychology clinic with and without a history of offending behaviour. Psychiatr Psychol Law. 2021;28(6):854-866. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1873204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2021.1873204
  5. Rochat L, Maurage P, Heeren A, Billieux J. Let's Open the Decision-Making Umbrella: A Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing Features of Impaired Decision Making in Addiction. Neuropsychol Rev. 2019;29(1):27-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-018-9387-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-018-9387-3
  6. Billaux P, Segobin S, Maillard A, Bloch V, Delmaire C, Cabé N, Laniepce A, Maurage P, Poireau M, Volle E, Vorspan F, Pitel AL. Let's focus on the insula in addiction: A refined anatomical exploration of insula in severe alcohol and cocaine use disorders. Eur Psychiatry. 2024;67(1):e75. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1784 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1784
  7. Li S, Wu Q, Tang C, Chen Z, Liu L. Exercise-Based Interventions for Internet Addiction: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Evidence. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01296
  8. Markus CR, Rogers PJ, Brouns F, Schepers R. Eating dependence and weight gain; no human evidence for a 'sugar-addiction' model of overweight. Appetite. 2017;114:64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.024
  9. Spanagel R, Bach P, Banaschewski T, Beck A, Bermpohl F, Bernardi RE, Beste C, Deserno L, Durstewitz D, Ebner-Priemer U, et al. The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives. Addict Biol. 2024;29(7):e13419. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13419
  10. Billieux J, Philippot P, Schmid C, Maurage P, De Mol J, Van der Linden M. Is Dysfunctional Use of the Mobile Phone a Behavioural Addiction? Confronting Symptom-Based Versus Process-Based Approaches. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2015;22(5):460-468. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1910
  11. Sullivan EV, Brumback T, Tapert SF, Fama R, Prouty D, Brown SA, Cummins K, Thompson WK, Colrain IM, Baker FC, et al. Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction. Neuropsychology. 2016;30(4):449-473. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000259
  12. Sullivan EV, Tapert SF, Prouty D, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Hooper SR, Nagel BJ, Rohlfing T, Chu W, Brumback T, et al. "Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study": Correction to Sullivan et al. (2016). Neuropsychology. 2016;30(7):829. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000306
  13. Sadeghi S, Takeuchi H, Shalani B, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, et al. Brain Anatomy Alterations and Mental Health Challenges Correlate to Email Addiction Tendency. Brain Sci. 2022;12(10):1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101278
  14. Costumero V, Rosell Negre P, Bustamante JC, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Adrián-Ventura J, Palomar-García MÁ, Miró-Padilla A, Llopis JJ, Sepulcre J, Barrós-Loscertales A. Distance disintegration characterizes node-level topological dysfunctions in cocaine addiction. Addict Biol. 2021;26(6):e13072. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13072
  15. Zilberman N, Lavidor M, Yadid G, Rassovsky Y. Qualitative review and quantitative effect size meta-analyses in brain regions identified by cue-reactivity addiction studies. Neuropsychology. 2019;33(3):319-334. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000526
  16. Tabugan DC, Bredicean AC, Anghel T, Dumache R, Muresan C, Corsaro L, Hogea L. Novel Insights into Addiction Management: A Meta-Analysis on Intervention for Relapse Prevention. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(4):619. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61040619
  17. Hurel E, Challet-Bouju G, Chirio-Espitalier M, Vincent M, Grall-Bronnec M. Social communication disorder and behavioural addiction: Case report and clinical implications. J Behav Addict. 2021;10(2):352-360. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00026
  18. Martins-da-Silva AS, da Silva Moura W, Marco C, Galvão L, Balliari E, Cavallo I, Becker R, Silva L, Oliveira E, Gil F, et al. Comparing the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE). Int Rev Psychiatry. 2023;35(5-6):506-512. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2023.2275701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2023.2275701
  19. Mastboom ESL, VanDerNagel JEL, Staudt J, Kessels RPC. Performance Validity Testing in Patients with Substance Abuse in Addiction Care. Subst Use Misuse. 2025;1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2544301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2544301
  20. Sadeghi S, Takeuchi H, Shalani B, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Sekiguchi A, Iizuka K, et al. Brain structures and activity during a working memory task associated with internet addiction tendency in young adults: A large sample study. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0259259. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259259
  21. Balon R, Silberman EK, Starcevic V, Cosci F, Freire RC, Nardi AE, Rickels K, Shader R. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants and addiction: A plea for conceptual rigor and consistency. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33(11):1467-1470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119878171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881119878171
  22. van der Linden M. Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(3):145-147. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.025
  23. Triberti S, Milani L, Villani D, Grumi S, Peracchia S, Curcio G, Riva G. What matters is when you play: Investigating the relationship between online video games addiction and time spent playing over specific day phases. Addict Behav Rep. 2018;8:185-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.06.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.06.003
  24. Deleuze J, Nuyens F, Rochat L, Rothen S, Maurage P, Billieux J. Established risk factors for addiction fail to discriminate between healthy gamers and gamers endorsing DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(4):516-524. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.074
  25. Caponnetto P, Lai C, Maglia M, Cosci F. What clinical and health psychology tell to internists and emergency physicians about harm reduction, addiction and asthma? Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15(4):571-572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02283-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02283-6

Publicado 2026-07-01

Palabras clave

  • Neuropsicología,
  • Adicciones,
  • Funciones ejecutivas,
  • Toma de decisiones,
  • Evaluación cognitiva

Cómo citar

Quito Calle, J. V., Muñoz Arteaga, P. ., Rodas Flores, D. ., & Ramírez, A. (2026). Neuropsicología Clínica de las Adicciones: Revisión Bibliográfica. Revista Multidisciplinaria Investigación Contemporánea, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n3.a182