Ciencias Sociales- Artículo original

Experiences, practices, and self-care needs in adolescents: a qualitative study withtriangulation of sources

Experiencias, prácticas y necesidades de autocuidado en adolescentes: un estudio cualitativo con triangulación de fuentes

Authors

  • Luz Marina Castillo Astudillo Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador. ORCID 0000-0003-1672-3425 (Unauthenticated ORCID)
  • Esteban Cañizares Abril Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador ORCID 0000-0002-2835-9563 (Unauthenticated ORCID)
  • Juan Fernando León Arévalo Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador ORCID 0009-0005-1338-8889 (Unauthenticated ORCID)
  • Andrés Alexis Ramírez Coronel Carrera de Psicología Clínica, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA), Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador. ORCID 0009-0007-3493-6519 (Unauthenticated ORCID)

Abstract

Objective: To describe in depth the experiences, practices, and needs of self-care in adolescents based on open-ended responses, triangulating them with contemporary scientific evidence on adolescent self-care in various contexts. Design: Descriptive qualitative study with inductive content analysis and peer review. Participants: School-aged adolescents. The sample consisted of 78 participants (MAge = 16.7, SD = 0.8, range = 15-18). Open and axial coding was performed by two independent reviewers; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Credibility was reinforced through analytical auditing, reflective memos, and triangulation with the literature. Themes and subthemes are reported with anonymized examples, and implications for school and community programs are discussed. Results: Six central themes emerged: daily physical self-care (nutrition, sleep, hygiene, and physical activity), emotional regulation and coping, support networks and ecologies (family, peers, and school), structural barriers (economic limitations, distance from caregivers, social norms), technology and self-care (ambivalence between informational support and distraction), and personal projects and prevention (academic goals, demand for medical/dental check-ups). Conclusions: The adolescent self-care described is sustained by basic habits, family ties, and immediate goals, but is strained by social determinants and gaps in emotional and sexual education. We recommend self-care curricula with a focus on social-emotional skills and menstrual/sexual health, school health clinics for preventive check-ups, and digital designs co-created with adolescents and families.

Objetivo: Describir en profundidad las experiencias, prácticas y necesidades de autocuidado en adolescentes a partir de respuestas abiertas, triangulándolas con evidencia científica contemporánea sobre autocuidado adolescente en diversos contextos. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con análisis de contenido inductivo y verificación por pares. Participantes: Adolescentes escolarizados/as. La muestra fue 78 participantes (MEdad = 16.7, DE = 0.8, rango = 15-18). Se realizó codificación abierta y axial por dos revisores independientes; las discrepancias se resolvieron por consenso. La credibilidad se reforzó mediante auditoría analítica, memos reflexivos y triangulación con literatura. Se reportan temas y subtemas con ejemplos anonimizados y se discuten implicaciones para programas escolares y comunitarios. Resultados: Emergieron seis temas centrales: autocuidado físico cotidiano (alimentación, sueño, higiene y actividad física), regulación emocional y afrontamiento, redes y ecologías de apoyo (familia, pares y escuela), barreras estructurales (limitaciones económicas, distancia de cuidadores, normas sociales), tecnología y autocuidado (ambivalencia entre apoyo informativo y distracción), y proyectos personales y prevención (metas académicas, demanda de control médico/odontológico). Conclusiones: El autocuidado adolescente descrito se sostiene en hábitos básicos, vínculos familiares y metas cercanas, pero se ve tensionado por determinantes sociales y vacíos de educación emocional y sexual. Se recomiendan currículos de autocuidado con enfoque de competencias socioemocionales y salud menstrual/sexual, ventanillas de salud escolar para controles preventivos, y diseños digitales co-creados con adolescentes y familias.

Keywords

  • adolescence
  • self-care
  • mental health
  • lifestyle habits
  • social support

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Published

April 1, 2026

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How to Cite

Castillo Astudillo , L. M., Cañizares Abril, E., León Arévalo, J. F., & Ramírez Coronel, A. A. (2026). Experiences, practices, and self-care needs in adolescents: a qualitative study withtriangulation of sources. Contemporary Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n2.a181