Ciencias de la Salud- Articulo de Revisión

Actualización de diagnóstico y tratamiento de síndrome de RETT. Revisión sistemática

Updating the diagnosis and treatment of RETT syndrome: a systematic review

Autores/as

  • Dennis Raúl Benavides Reinoso Egresado de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Campus Azogues ORCID 0000-0002-2709-8736 (ORCID no autenticado)

Resumen

El Síndrome de Rett (SR) es una enfermedad neurológica poco frecuente que afecta casi exclusivamente a niñas, con una incidencia estimada de 1 por cada 10.000–15.000 nacidas vivas. Más del 95% se diagnostica en la infancia temprana (6–24 meses), con pérdida progresiva de habilidades motoras, cognitivas y comunicativas, lo que repercute en la calidad de vida y en la expectativa funcional. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia actual sobre métodos diagnósticos y terapias eficaces para el SR, orientadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes pediátricas. Metodología: Revisión sistemática según PRISMA 2020. Se incluyeron artículos de 2019–2024 en español e inglés, localizados en PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Taylor & Francis, Cochrane y UpToDate. La calidad y el riesgo de sesgo se evaluaron con CASP. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 25 artículos (22,3% de 112 registros), que abarcaron aproximadamente 512 pacientes (98% mujeres). En diagnóstico, el 64% destacó el uso de escalas clínicas como Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ) y Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), mientras que el 36% señaló utilidad de EEG en reposo y patch-clamp. En tratamiento, el 48% documentó reducción ≥40% en crisis epilépticas con cannabinoides (CBDV, CBD); el 28% reportó eficacia de toxina botulínica en hipersalivación y espasticidad; y el 24% evidenció beneficios de trofinetide en comunicación social y función adaptativa. Conclusiones: La combinación de herramientas diagnósticas avanzadas y terapias emergentes (CBDV, CBD, BTX, trofinetide) aporta en control de síntomas y funcionalidad. Los hallazgos apoyan protocolos multimodales estandarizados, orientados a  manejo personalizado y con enfoque pediátrico.

Rett syndrome (RS) is an uncommon neurological disorder that affects almost exclusively girls, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 10,000–15,000 live female births. Over 95% of cases are diagnosed in early childhood (6–24 months), presenting with progressive loss of motor, cognitive, and communication abilities, which significantly impacts quality of life and functional prognosis. Objective: To summarize current evidence on diagnostic methods and therapeutic options for RS, aimed at improving the quality of life of pediatric patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 in English and Spanish were included, retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Taylor & Francis, Cochrane, and UpToDate. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the CASP tool. Results: From 112 initial records, 25 studies were included (22.3%), involving approximately 512 pediatric patients (98% female). Regarding diagnosis, 64% of studies highlighted clinical scales such as the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ) and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), while 36% emphasized electrophysiological and molecular approaches, including resting EEG and patch-clamp. In treatment, 48% of studies reported ≥40% reduction in seizure frequency with cannabinoids (CBDV, CBD); 28% demonstrated benefits of botulinum toxin for hypersalivation and spasticity; and 24% documented improvements with trofinetide in social communication and adaptive function. Conclusions: Evidence indicates that combining advanced diagnostic tools with emerging therapies (CBDV, CBD, BTX, trofinetide) provides measurable improvements in symptom control and functionality. These findings support the implementation of standardized multimodal protocols, fostering personalized and pediatric-centered management strategies.

Palabras clave

  • diagnóstico
  • síndrome de rett
  • terapia
  • tratamiento

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Publicado

1 de octubre de 2025

Historial

Recibido
10 sep 2025
Aceptado
20 sep 2025
Publicado
1 oct 2025

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Cómo citar

Benavides Reinoso , D. R. (2025). Actualización de diagnóstico y tratamiento de síndrome de RETT. Revisión sistemática. Revista Multidisciplinaria Investigación Contemporánea, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n3.a164