Ciencias de la Salud- Caso clínico

Persistent lymphadenopathy in an infant: tuberculous lymphadenitis with seropositivity for Toxocara canis and Bartonella henselae

Adenopatías persistentes en un lactante: tuberculosis ganglionar con seropositividad para Toxocara canis y Bartonella henselae

Authors

Abstract

Persistent lymphadenopathy in pediatrics represents a diagnostic challenge due to the wide range of infectious etiologies involved; extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 20–30% of pediatric tuberculosis cases, with tuberculous lymphadenitis being one of its most common forms. We present the case of a 1-year-4-month-old male infant with persistent fever, pruritic skin lesions, and progressive cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and cervical ultrasound findings of nodal necrosis. Lymph node biopsy revealed caseous and purulent material, and tuberculosis lymphadenitis was confirmed by PCR/DNA testing of the lymph node and purulent secretion. Additionally, seropositivity for Toxocara canis and Bartonella henselae was documented, broadening the differential diagnosis. The patient received anti-tuberculosis therapy and albendazole, with favorable clinical evolution. This case highlights the importance of a syndromic approach and early microbiological confirmation in persistent pediatric lymphadenopathy.

Las adenopatías persistentes en pediatría representan un reto diagnóstico debido a la diversidad de etiologías infecciosas involucradas; la tuberculosis extrapulmonar corresponde al 20–30% de los casos pediátricos, siendo la linfadenitis tuberculosa una de sus formas más frecuentes. Se presenta un lactante masculino de 1 año y 4 meses con fiebre persistente, lesiones cutáneas pruriginosas y adenopatías cervicales e inguinales progresivas sin respuesta a antibióticos. Los estudios evidenciaron leucocitosis, trombocitosis y ecografía cervical con necrosis ganglionar. La biopsia mostró material caseoso y purulento, confirmándose tuberculosis ganglionar mediante PCR/ADN en ganglio y secreción. Adicionalmente, se documentó seropositividad para Toxocara canis y Bartonella henselae, ampliando el diagnóstico diferencial. El paciente recibió tratamiento antifímico y albendazol, con evolución favorable. Este caso resalta la importancia del abordaje sindrómico y de la confirmación microbiológica temprana en adenopatías persistentes pediátricas.

Keywords

  • persistent lymphadenopathy
  • tuberculous lymphadenitis
  • toxocariasis
  • bartonellosis
  • infant
  • pediatrics

References

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Published

October 1, 2026

History

Received
12 Jul 2026
Accepted
16 Aug 2026
Published
1 Oct 2026

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How to Cite

Romero Lorenti, D. J., Valdez Santos, S. I., Idrovo Alvarado, V. A., & Alcívar Aveiga, D. S. (2026). Persistent lymphadenopathy in an infant: tuberculous lymphadenitis with seropositivity for Toxocara canis and Bartonella henselae. Contemporary Research, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v4.n4.a249