Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
419-443
Impulsivity, disordered eating
behavior and its relationship with
food addiction in an Ecuadorian to
food addiction in an Ecuadorian
university population.
Impulsividad, conducta alimentaria desordenada
y su relación con la adicción a la comida en población
universitaria ecuatoriana
Sonia Angélica Pilaluisa Pabón 1, Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz 2
1 Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo; sonia.pilaluisa@unach.edu.ec. Riobamba, Ecuador.
2 Universidad Católica de Cuenca; greivano@ucacue.edu.ec. Cuenca, Ecuador.
How to cite:
Pilaluisa Pabón, S. A., & Reivan Ortiz, G. G. (2025). Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior, and its
relationship to food addiction in the Ecuadorian university population. Multidisciplinary Journal of
Contemporary Research, 3(2), 419-443. https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
Article Information
Received: 21-02-2025
Accepted: 11-04-2025
Published: 01-07-2025
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The research was conducted using the authors’
own resources.
Conicts of Interest
No conicts of interest are declared.
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Revista multidisciplinaria
Investigación Contemporánea 07 - 2025 Vol. 3 - No. 2 ISSN-e: 2960-8015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a90
Leucemia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides
- estudio y diagnóstico de un caso 49 -49
Copyright (c) 2025 Faicán Rocano Pedro Fernando, Dután Pérez Ibelice Salomé,
González González Camila Raquel, Matute Aguiar Joselyn Nayeli, Rodríguez Ver-
dugo Alejandra Valentina.
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Original article. Revista Multidisciplinaria Investigación Contemporánea.
Vol. 3 - No. 2, pp. 419 - 443. July-December, 2025. e-ISSN: 2960-8015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
Revista multidisciplinaria
Investigación Contemporánea 07 - 2025 Vol. 3 - No. 2 ISSN-e: 2960-8015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a90
Leucemia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides
- estudio y diagnóstico de un caso 32 -49
Artículo Caso clínico. Revista multidisciplinaria investigación Contemporánea.
Vol. 3 - No. 2, pp. 32 - 49. julio-diciembre, 2025. e-ISSN: 2960-8015
Leucemia de células dendríticas
plasmocitoides - estudio y diagnóstico
de un caso
Leucemia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides - estudio y
diagnóstico de un caso
Información del artículo:
Recibido: 05-12-2024
Aceptado: 21-02-2025
Publicado: 01-07-2025
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Este texto está protegido por una licencia Creative Commons 4.0.
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quier medio o formato— y Adaptar el documento —remezclar, transformar
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1 Docente Investigador; pedro.faican@ucacue.edu.ec. Azogues, Ecuador.
2 Estudiante; ibelice.dutan.44@est.ucacue.edu.ec. Azogues, Ecuador.
3 Estudiante; camila.gonzalez.66@est.ucacue.edu.ec. Azogues, Ecuador.
4 Estudiante; joselyn.matute.44@est.ucacue.edu.ec. Azogues, Ecuador.
5 Estudiante; alejandra.rodriguez.60@est.ucacue.edu.ec. Azogues, Ecuador.
Faicán Rocano Pedro Fernando 1, Dután Pérez Ibelice Salomé 2, González González Camila
Raquel 3, Matute Aguiar Joselyn Nayeli 4, Rodríguez Verdugo Alejandra Valentina 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a90
Cómo citar:
Faican Rocano, P. . F., Dután Pérez, I. S. ., González González, C. R. ., Rodríguez Verdugo, A. V. ., & Matute Aguiar, J.
N. . (2025). Leucemia de células dendríticas plasmocitoides - estudio y diagnóstico de un caso.
Revista Multidisci-
plinaria Investigación Contemporánea
, 3(2), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a90
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
420-443
Abstract
Background: Food addiction (FA) has been identied as a growing
public health concern, associated with obesity and psychological
distress. Factors such as inhibition and depression have been proposed
as potential predictors of this behavior. Objective: The main objective
of this study was to evaluate a predictive model of FA in the Ecuadorian
population, considering inhibition, depression, and anxiety as key
variables. Methodology: The study followed a quantitative approach with
a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational-causal design. The
Executive Function Assessment Scale (EFECO), the Goldberg Anxiety and
Depression Scale (GADS), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) were
administered to 236 students from the Universidad Católica de Cuenca,
selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Results:
Statistical analyzes revealed that inhibition was a signicant predictor
of AF, whereas depression did not have a direct effect. Anxiety showed a
moderate correlation with FA, although its predictive impact was lower
compared to inhibition. Additionally, 24.2% of participants exhibited
signs of AF, with a higher prevalence in women. Discussion: The results
highlighted the role of inhibition in FA, suggesting that decits in impulse
control may increase vulnerability to compulsive eating behaviors. These
ndings underscore the importance of developing interventions aimed at
strengthening self-control as a strategy for prevention and treatment.
Keywords: Food addiction, inhibition, depression, emotional
regulation, eating behavior.
Resumen
Antecedente: La adicción a la comida es un tema que ha ganado
interés en los últimos años, pese a la existencia bibliográca por
investigaciones todavía existen muchos vacíos teóricos. En cuanto a
población universitaria ecuatoriana, aún no ha sido un tema de estudio
investigado a profundidad. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
421-443
la relación de la impulsividad y la conducta alimentaria desordenada
con la adicción a la comida en población universitaria ecuatoriana.
Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño No experimental
transversal, de alcance correlacional y explicativo. Las herramientas
de evaluación incluyeron un cuestionario sociodemográco, Escala de
adicción a la comida de Yale YFAS, el Cuestionario de conducta alimentaria
desordenada (DEBQ) y la Escala de Conducta Impulsiva UPPS-P. Se
utilizó una muestra no probabilística de 278 estudiantes del programa de
pregrado de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca.
Resultados: Los resultados demuestran que la impulsividad, conducta
alimentaria desordenada y adicción a la comida se encuentran en mayor
proporción en mujeres solteras y casadas, esto podría deberse a que la
composición de la muestra no fue homogénea. Existe una correlación
positiva estadísticamente signicativa entre conducta alimentaria
desordenada con la adicción a la comida, a diferencia de la impulsividad,
la cual estadísticamente no es signicativa con la adicción a la comida.
Discusión: La adicción a la comida mantiene una relación con la conducta
alimentaria desordenada en mayor proporción que con la impulsividad,
sin embargo, valores altos de impulsividad y una conducta alimentaria
desordenada, contribuirá a valores altos en la adicción a la comida.
Palabras clave: impulsividad, adicción a la comida, conducta
alimentaria desordenada, estudiantes universitarios, alimentos.
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
422-443
1. Introduction
The university stage is marked by some physical and psychological
changes, part of these changes is the extent of autonomy that this
population acquires in their eating habits. Disordered eating behavior is
a negative eating style that puts human health at risk on a physical and
mental level (Cavazos-Flores et al., 2023). The consumption of palatable
foods and disordered eating behavior hinders people’s health, generating
a high probability of food addiction or an eating disorder (Morales-Basto
et al., 2021). Consequently, bad eating habits produce psychological
prole effects, such as impulsivity, disordered eating behavior, and food
addiction, variables that have not yet been thoroughly explored in the
Ecuadorian university population ( Reivan -Ortiz et al., 2024).
Impulsivity can be dened as hasty actions that occur in the moment,
without reection, and that create a high risk of harm to the individual,
reecting a desire for immediate rewards or the inability to delay
gratication (Association, 2014). It can also be dened as the tendency to
engage in risky behaviors with negative consequences, which generates
the inability to stop a response or thought, with results that prevent the
action from being carried out successfully (Flores et al., 2022).
In this sense, research reveals that Ecuadorian students suffer from
overweight and obesity because they lack discipline in their eating habits
due to the consumption of foods with low nutritional value and high salt,
saturated fat, and sugar content. These components, when consumed in
high levels, are associated with greater impulsivity in each individual,
a psychological prole factor that is part of a personality trait. There
are studies that indicate that impulsivity also increases the risk of food
addiction (Reivan -Ortiz et al., 2024).
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investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
423-443
On the other hand, eating behavior is dened as the behavior related
to eating habits, the selection of foods eaten, culinary preparations and
the quantities ingested (Osorio et al., 2022). Eating behavior is a variable
considered a risk factor, since it can generate inappropriate behaviors in
relation to food due to the consumption of unhealthy foods, which harms
the physical and psychological health of individuals (Ortiz and Vásquez,
2024). Therefore, disordered eating behavior (DBA) includes patterns of
uncontrolled, restrictive or emotional intake, which plays a key role in the
manifestation and maintenance of addiction to ( Reivan -Ortiz et al., 2024).
Since the university stage involves signicant changes in the lives of
students on a psychological level, adapting to new environments, gaining
greater independence and autonomy, social and academic pressures
signicantly inuence their eating behavior, which in many cases is
unhealthy, running the risk of developing eating disorders; which are
related at the same time to various factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle
and the progressive decline of healthy eating habits (Vargas, 2024).
Food addiction (FA) is dened as a highly palatable eating
behavior, which generally has high percentages of sugar, salt, fat and
our in its composition and refers to specic behaviors related to food,
characterized by excessive and unregulated consumption of unhealthy
foods, it is characterized by the loss of control over food consumption,
the inability to reduce consumption despite the desire to do so and
continued consumption despite negative consequences (Escrivá et al.,
2023). Research indicates that food addiction is regularly compared to
substance addiction, since they consist of identical brain functioning
mechanisms and psychological factors (for example, impulsivity) (Rojas
et al., 2019) . In this sense, AC is associated with the compulsive search
and consumption of palatable foods despite their negative consequences,
generating physiological changes in individuals, such as the presence of
tolerance, withdrawal and activation in the same brain areas as substance
addiction ( Reivan -Ortiz et al., 2024).
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investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
424-443
There is research that mentions that young university students are
more likely to show AC than older individuals, and this could be explained
by the fact that the university stage involves many physiological and
psychological changes that can increase vulnerability to environmental
threats such as addictions, inappropriate eating habits or disorders that
develop a psychological connection with food and difculty managing
their eating impulses. (Tous-Carrillo et al., 2024).
A study mentions that there are variables that are closely related to
food addiction, such as impulsivity and inappropriate eating behavior,
which trigger obesity, eating disorders and other mental health problems,
due to prolonged exposure to a diet high in palatable foods that generate
behaviors similar to those of individuals who suffer from addictions, such
as impulsivity and addiction, in this case to food Reivan -Ortiz et al. (2024).
In the academic eld, there are students who develop inappropriate and
impulsive eating behavior, which leads them to develop food addiction
(Behar-Astudillo and Pomareda-Echeverría, 2021).
Based on the above, it could be said that food addiction is an
increasingly prevalent disorder in today’s society and is a real problem in
the university context that has not been thoroughly investigated from a
psychological perspective in Ecuadorian university students (impulsivity,
disordered eating behavior, and food addiction). There is a signicant
lack of knowledge among Ecuadorian university students regarding
the meaning of healthy eating and the physical and psychological
consequences that occur when these foods are consumed inappropriately.
Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the relationship
between impulsivity and disordered eating behavior with food addiction
in the Ecuadorian university population.
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
425-443
2. Methodology
Study design
This was a research study with a quantitative approach, with a
descriptive correlational design, non-experimental, cross-sectional
(transversal), with correlational and explanatory scope (Hernández-
Sampieri et al., 2014) .
Participants
A non-probability sampling of incidental convenience selection
was carried out, a voluntary population of 278 students from the Catholic
University of Cuenca with easy access and willing to participate. The
group of students from the undergraduate program of middle level (3rd
to 6th cycle ) of the Psychology career, with an approximate age between 19
and 24 years (mean age 20.1 years ) was invited and only those who agreed
to participate were evaluated. Of the participants, 221 (79.5%) were female
and 57 ( 20.5%) were male, regarding their marital status it was obtained
that, 261 (93.9%) of the participants were single, 16 (5.8%) married and 1
(0.4%) separated / divorced.
Tools
The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0 ) was used as the
instrument. It is a 35-item self-report questionnaire used to measure
addictive eating behaviors over the previous 12 months. The original
instrument (YFAS) was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) substance dependence criteria (DSM-
4, 2010) and adapted to the context of food consumption. The YFAS 2.0 is
based on the DSM-5 (DSM-5, 2013) and assesses 11 symptoms. The score
produces two measures: (a) a continuous symptom count score reecting
the number of diagnostic criteria met (ranging from 0 to 11) and (b) an AF
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
426-443
threshold based on the number of symptoms (at least 2) and self-reported
clinically signicant impairment or distress . This nal measure allows for
the binary classication of AF (present vs. absent). Furthermore, according
to the revised DSM-5 taxonomy (DSM-5, 2013), it is possible to establish
cutoff points for severity: mild (2-3 symptoms), moderate (4-5 symptoms),
and severe (6-11 symptoms). AF risk groups were calculated according to
a previous study (Munguía et al., 2022) as follows: absent AF, those who do
not have any diagnostic criteria in the YFAS 2.0; probable AF, those who
meet one diagnostic criterion and those who have two or more criteria,
but do not present clinical deterioration; and present AF, those who have
two diagnostic criteria and also present clinical deterioration. Thus, the
probable AF group will correspond to the clinical concept of high or
subthreshold risk , that is, patients who do not strictly meet the diagnostic
criteria of the taxonomy, but who present symptoms. Subthreshold
psychiatric symptoms do not meet full criteria for a particular disorder
in a reference diagnostic taxonomy (such as Axis I disorders within the
DSM) but do present signicant clinical impairment. In some cases,
subthreshold symptoms are more common than their respective Axis
I disorders, and empirical research has suggested that these groups are
associated with greater disability and many other negative consequences
(Rai et al., 2010). The internal consistency of the YFAS 2.0 is α = 0.85 in the
Ecuadorian population.
For disordered eating behavior, the Dutch Eating Behavior
Questionnaire [DEBQ; (Van, 1986)] was used. The English version of the
DEBQ (Van et al., 2002) was used. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire
(DEBQ) is a 33-item self-report questionnaire developed by Van Strien
et al. (Van, 1986) to assess three distinct eating behaviors in adults: (1)
emotional eating, (2) external eating, and (3) restrained eating. DEBQ items
are scored from 1 (never) to 5 (very often), with higher scores indicating
greater endorsement of the disordered eating behavior. The psychometric
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
427-443
properties of the DEBQ are sound, showing good internal consistency in
samples with an alpha of 0.89 for the Ecuadorian population.
And, for Impulsivity, the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale ( Lynam
et al., 2007) was used, a 59-item scale designed to assess impulsivity,
determined in ve subscales: lack of deliberation, lack of perseverance,
negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking. Items are
rated from 1 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree). Internal consistency
reliability estimates indicate that the overall scale and the subscales have
an internal consistency >0.80 in the Ecuadorian population.
Procedure
Participants were recruited as volunteers, and all voluntarily signed
informed consent. No compensation was provided for participating in
the study; participants were required to have no prior eating disorder
(ED) and no other medical or psychiatric problems. Students were
assessed using a questionnaire adapted from the Structured Clinical
Interview for Eating Disorders (SCID-5) of the DSM-5. In accordance with
the Declaration of Helsinki, the study was approved by the local Ethics
Committee of the Catholic University of Cuenca, with code UCACUE-
UASB-P-CEISH-2022-096, under the regulations of the Ministry of Public
Health of Ecuador.
Statistical Analysis
An analysis was performed with the measure of mean central
tendency (x) and proportions according to each variable. In addition,
descriptive graphs using histograms for the characterization of the scalar
variables (impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and food addiction)
with the marital status variable and dichotomous variable sex. The
Pearson correlation coefcient (r) was evaluated, fullling the previous
assumptions of normality and statistical power. A prediction model was
consolidated using the parametric multiple linear regression test ( R2 ),
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investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
428-443
fullling the assumptions of: linearity, independence, homoscedasticity,
normality and non-collinearity. Finally, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS)
normality test was used due to the criterion >30 observations and the
parametric assumption was met (p>0.05).
Statistical analysis consisted of group difference, correlation, and
regression tests. The hypothesis was tested and the relationship between
impulsivity and disordered eating behaviors and food addiction was
demonstrated.
3. Results
Analysis of results
Below, for the development of the rst objective, the results obtained
through the applied instruments are described:
In table N°1, the descriptive data detail that regarding the
impulsiveness variable: singles have a higher proportion of women (206).
In married people, there is a higher proportion of women (15), however, a
higher average in men ( x=28.0) . And in separated/divorced people, they
have a high average in men ( x=25.0).
For the variable food addiction it is observed that: singles have a
higher proportion of women (206). In married people, there is a higher
proportion of women (15), consequently, a lower average in men ( x =
30.0). And in separated/divorced people, they have a high average in men
( x = 27.0).
Finally, for the variable disordered eating behavior we have that:
singles present a higher proportion of women (206). In married people,
there is a higher proportion of women (15), consequently, a lower average
in men ( x=60.0) . And in separated/divorced people, they present a high
average in men ( x=54.0 ).
Revista multidisciplinaria
investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
429-443
Revista multidisciplinaria
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.58995/redlic.rmic.v3.n2.a120
Impulsividad, conducta alimentaria desordenada y su relación con la
adicción a la comida en población universitaria ecuatoriana 429 - 443
media más baja en hombres (x
=60.0). Y en separados/divorciados, presentan
una media alta en hombres (x
=54.0).
Tabla 1.
Diferencias entre características sociodemográficas y variables: Impulsividad, adic-
ción a la comida y Conducta alimentaria desordenada.
Frecuencias de Sexo biológico
Sexo biológico Frecuencias % del Total % Acumulado
0 221 79.5 % 79.5 %
1 57 20.5 % 100.0 %
Descriptivas
Estado
Civil
Sexo
biológico N Perdidos Media Mediana DE Mínimo Máximo
IMPULSIVIDAD
1 0 206 0 25.8 27.0 8.01 6 42
1 55 0 25.2 26 8.96 7 40
2 0 15 0 17.2 18 8.60 6 34
1 1 0 28.0 28 NaN 28 28
0 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 1 1 0 25.0 25 NaN 25 25
ADICCIÓN A LA
COMIDA
1 0 206 0 45.2 47.0 13.54 15 64
1 55 0 43.0 46 14.17 0 64
2 0 15 0 36.1 31 14.28 17 58
1 1 0 30.0 30 NaN 30 30
4 0 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 1 0 27.0 27 NaN 27 27
Table 1. Differences between sociodemographic characteristics and
variables: Impulsivity, food addiction and disordered eating behavior.
Biological Sex Frequencies
Biological sex Frequencies % of Total % Accumulated
0 221 79.5 % 79.5 %
1 57 20.5 % 100.0 %
IMPULSIVENESS
Marital
status
Biological
sex Lost Average Median Minimum Maximum
FOOD
ADDICTION
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investigación Contemporánea ISSN-e: 2960-8015Vol. 3 -No. 207 - 2025
Impulsivity, disordered eating behavior and its relationship with food
addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
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Impulsividad, conducta alimentaria desordenada y su relación con la
adicción a la comida en población universitaria ecuatoriana 430 - 443
CONDUCTA
ALIMENTARIA
DESORDENADA
1 0 206 0 85.6 88.0 28.26 30 128
1 55 0 83.7 86 29.00 0 128
2 0 15 0 71.8 62 28.80 34 116
1 1 0 60.0 60 NaN 60 60
4 0 0 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1 1 0 54.0 54 NaN 54 54
Nota. N: Número; D.E: Desviación Estándar; 1: Soltero; 2: Casado; 4: Separado/divor-
ciado; 0: Mujer; 1: Varón
Figuras
En el desarrollo del objetivo dos, de acuerdo a la gura 1, los resultados de-
tallan que en el grupo de mujeres existe mayores valores en impulsividad en
solteras en comparación con casadas y separadas/divorciadas. De manera si-
milar se presentan estos valores en hombres.
Continuando con la gura 2, los resultados detallan que en el grupo de
mujeres existe mayores valores en adicción a la comida en solteras en compa-
ración con casadas y separadas/divorciadas. De manera similar se presentan
estos valores en hombres.
Por último, en la gura 3, los resultados detallan que en el grupo de
mujeres existe mayores valores en conducta alimentaria desordenada en sol-
teras en comparación con casadas y separadas/divorciadas. De manera simi-
lar se presentan estos valores en hombres.
Note. N: Number; SD: Standard Deviation; 1: Single; 2: Married; 4:
Separated/divorced; 0: Female; 1: Male
Figures
In developing Objective 2, according to Figure 1, the results show that
among single women, impulsivity rates are higher compared to married
and separated/divorced women. These rates are similar for men.
Continuing with Figure 2, the results show that among single women,
food addiction rates are higher compared to married and separated/
divorced women. These rates are similar among men.
Finally, Figure 3 shows that among single women, disordered
eating behaviors are higher than among married and separated/divorced
women. These rates are similar for men.
DISORDERED
EATING
BEHAVIOR
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addiction in an Ecuadorian to food addiction in an Ecuadorian university
population.
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Impulsividad, conducta alimentaria desordenada y su relación con la
adicción a la comida en población universitaria ecuatoriana 431 - 443
Figura 1.
Características de las variables psicológicas en función de las variables sociodemográ-
ficas. A: Impulsividad. B: Conducta alimentaria desordenada. C. Adicción a la comida.
Nota. 1: Soltero; 2: Casado; 4: Separado/divorciado
Figure 1.
Characteristics of psychological variables based on sociodemographic
variables. A: Impulsivity. B: Disordered eating behavior. C: Food addiction.
Note. 1: Single; 2: Married; 4: Separated/divorced
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Table 2, in the development of objective three, analyses indicate
statistically non-signicant positive correlations between impulsivity
and food addiction and disordered eating behavior. And a statistically
signicant positive correlation between disordered eating behavior and
food addiction. These data indicate that high values in impulsivity and
disordered eating behavior will contribute to high values in food addiction.
Table 2.
Correlation between Impulsivity, Food Addiction and Disordered
Eating Behavior.
IMPULSIVENESS FOOD
ADDICTION
DISORDERED
EATING
BEHAVIOR
IMPULSIVENESS Pearson’s R —
gl —
p-value —
FOOD
ADDICTION Pearson’s R 0.074 —
gl 276 —
p-value 0.217 —
DISORDERED
EATING
BEHAVIOR
Pearson’s R 0.086 0.856 —
gl 276 276 —
p-value 0.155 < .001 —
Note. gl : degrees of freedom; p: value; Signicance level: p < .001
Table 3, in the result of objective four, the regression model indicates
an R 2 of 0.733, indicating that the model is explaining a greater proportion
of variability in the dependent variable (food addiction). However, in the
Beta analysis, only the independent variable of disordered eating behavior
is statistically signicant in the model. Therefore, it would explain that
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disordered eating behavior must exist for a food addiction to originate,
and impulsivity must not be integrated.
Table 3. Level of prediction of impulsivity and disordered eating
behavior on food addiction.
Model R R²
1 0.856 0.733
Model Coefcients – FOOD ADDICTION
Predictor Estimator EE t p
Constant 9.08195 1.7960 5.0568 < .001
IMPULSIVENESS 0.00165 0.0515 0.0321 0.974
DISORDERED
EATING BEHAVIOR 0.41568 0.0152 27.3698 < .001
Note. R: Regression; SE: Standard Error; t: Distribution; p: Value
4. Discussion
The general objective of this study was to understand the relationship
between impulsivity and disordered eating behavior and food addiction
in an Ecuadorian university population. The results indicate a non-
signicant relationship between impulsivity and food addiction, unlike
disordered eating behavior and food addiction, which do maintain a
statistically signicant relationship. These results regarding impulsivity
differ from those of a study conducted with emerging adults between 19
and 23 years of age, which determined that impulsivity is signicantly
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population.
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related to food addiction (Minhas et al., 2021). Likewise, a study conducted
with an adolescent population indicates that food addiction is associated
with impulsivity, especially when there are high levels of impulsivity
(Kidd & Loxton, 2021).
The results of the rst objective indicated that variables based
on sex and marital status are related to impulsivity, disordered eating
behavior, and food addiction in a greater proportion of single and
married women than men. This could be due to the fact that the sample
was not homogeneous; it is also important to note that there was a high
mean in separated/divorced men. In accordance with a study conducted
with male and female students from the city of Nuevo León, Mexico, the
results indicate that women present greater disordered eating behavior
and greater food addiction than men (Guevara et al., 2020).
The second objective proposed to characterize the psychological
variables impulsivity, disordered eating behavior, and food addiction in
the Ecuadorian university population, based on marital status and sex.
The results obtained in this objective demonstrate that in the variables
impulsivity, disordered eating behavior, and food addiction, there are
higher values in the group of single women compared to married and
separated/divorced women; and that similar values are present in men in
these three variables. These results are consistent with a study conducted
with university students in Kuwait, which reports that regarding
disordered eating behavior there are higher values in single women
(Alkazemi et al., 2018).
Few studies have explored the level of relationship between
impulsivity, consumption of unhealthy foods with food addiction in a
specic population, some of them show that positive associations were
found between impulsivity and intake of unhealthy foods with food
addiction (Bernard et al., 2019). The severity of food addiction (FA) is
directly associated with a worse eating style prole and higher levels of
impulsivity (Munguía et al., 2022).
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population.
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The results of the third objective demonstrate statistically
non-signicant positive correlations between impulsivity with food
addiction and disordered eating behavior. And, a statistically signicant
positive correlation of disordered eating behavior and food addiction,
understanding that high values in impulsivity and disordered eating
behavior will contribute to high values in food addiction. In accordance
with the above, another study in university students shows that impulsivity
is related to disordered eating behavior, these ndings suggest that
different facets of impulsivity are related to disordered eating attitudes
and behaviors in this population (Lundahl et al., 2015). Contrasting the
previous results, another study carried out with Ecuadorian university
students shows that there is a low positive correlation between impulsivity
and disordered eating behavior (Ortiz and Vásquez, 2024).
The results of the fourth objective, in the regression model indicate
an R 2 of 0.733, which means that 73.3% of the variability in food addiction
(dependent variable) can be explained by disordered eating behavior
(independent variable), as it is a highly signicant predictor (p = 001),
indicating that as disordered eating behavior increases, food addiction
increases. On the other hand, regarding impulsivity (independent
variable), it is observed that it is not a signicant predictor (p = 0.974) in
food addiction, therefore, it does not inuence food addiction within this
model. This result, in terms of impulsivity, differs from a study carried out
with female university students, which indicates that this variable does
maintain a statistically signicant positive correlation with disordered
eating behavior and food addiction, because impulsivity inuences
impulsive decision-making (Noel and Van, 2022).
This research presented limiting factors, as the sample composition
was not homogeneous in terms of marital status and sex, which could
have inuenced the results. The sample was predominantly composed
of university students and focused solely on a specic age group. Other
factors such as time, student availability, or any type of pathology must
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also be taken into account. It is important to emphasize that the sample
is a fundamental point in a research study, as it is the population with
which the research will be carried out. In addition, there are procedures
to obtain the number of sample components. (Chero, 2024).
In the future, it is recommended to work with a broader, homogeneous
sample from other universities in all regions of Ecuador to obtain specic
results for the university population. It is considered important to address
other sociodemographic categories and psychological proles linked
to the proposed study model in future studies. Causal and longitudinal
analyses could also be considered so that the results of the variables are
as close to reality as possible for the Ecuadorian university population. It
is important to emphasize the importance of using assessment scales that
have been adequately validated for the general Ecuadorian population,
including the university population.
It would be benecial to examine the interactions between gender
and various clinical variables with a larger sample. It would also be useful
to collect samples with sufcient power to test for differences between
genders and marital status. Furthermore, it would be important to conduct
studies with a clinical sample of individuals with eating disorders, as
well as with a sample of healthy individuals without problematic eating
patterns.
Finally, it is hoped that this research will serve as a reference for
future studies along the same lines, since the variables studied are linked
to other clinical variables that are correlated with each other. The results
of these types of studies should be considered when intervening with
programs focused on the promotion and prevention of healthy eating
in Ecuadorian university students, a situation that has already become
a public health issue and requires support, information, education, and
treatment, not only at the university stage but also at an early age, where
sufcient elements are also taken into account to act from an integral
perspective ( García et al., 2024).
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5. Conclusions
In conclusion, according to the results of this study, it is observed
that impulsivity, disordered eating behavior, and food addiction are
more prevalent in single and married women than in men. Likewise, a
statistically signicant positive correlation exists between disordered
eating behavior and food addiction. Finally, the results also indicate
statistically non-signicant positive correlations between impulsivity
and food addiction in the study population. Regarding the results, it is
of great importance to be able to differentiate high-risk and moderate-
risk students from those who are low-risk, in order to promote health and
prevent physical injuries, psychological effects, and psychopathologies
(Ertl et al., 2022).
6. Authors’ contribution
SAPP: Introduction, methodology, data collection, results
GGRO: Analysis of results, discussion, conclusions, recommendations,
nal review of the article.
7. Acknowledgments (optional)
My eternal gratitude to PhD Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz for
supporting me in this research process for this scientic article. I extend
my innite thanks to this great human being and professional whose
vocation is to educate and train students, providing security, motivation,
patience, and the necessary teaching for proper learning. I believe he is
the model of teaching that every university or educational institution
should have.
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8. Ethics committee approval and consent to
participate in the study
In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the study was
approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Catholic University
of Cuenca, with code UCACUE-UASB-P-CEISH-2022-096 under the
regulations of the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health. Participants
were recruited as volunteers, and all voluntarily signed informed consent.
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